Approaches in modeling electrical energy conversion systems in hybrid vehicles
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15588/1607-6761-2024-4-4Keywords:
hybrid car, energy conversion system, multi-domain systems, CAE and ECAD programs, program metrics, modeling methodology, Solution MapAbstract
Purpose. Selection of adequate software and development of a modeling methodology for economical multi-domain simulation of the power distribution and conversion system, taking into account the control system for modern vehicles, in particular, for a hybrid electric vehicle with a fuel cell (HEV).
Methodology. The main research method is mathematical modeling; for the structural synthesis of the model of the power conversion system and comparative analysis of programs, heuristic decision-making methods based on the comparison of variant metrics were used.
Findings. A method of decomposition of HEV from the point of view of the scope of application of existing programs for modeling its subsystems is proposed. Subsystems from blocks of such a structural scheme are suitable for research using single-domain modeling programs. The prospects of the computer-aided design in electronics (ECAD) programs for multi-domain HEV modeling are shown, since the central and main conversion unit is the electronic domain. Based on the selected software metrics, the choice of programs for modeling the power conversion system is justified, with the possibility of organizing model interfaces to ensure multi-domain modeling and correct export-import of models when transitioning between abstraction levels. The sequential use of selected computer-aided engineering (CAE) and ECAD programs is proposed, with the transfer of information about the model and simulation results. This is capable of providing both optimal synthesis of the Automatic Control System based on the Phase Margin criterion with the study of the stability zone according to the Solution map, and in-depth analysis of the energy performance of the power stage of the converters. To test the method, a parallel topology of the power system with a block of supercapacitors, a boost-type converter in voltage control mode and a promising Four-Switch Bidirectional Buck-Boost converter in current control mode were selected. To increase the stability of the system, it is proposed to use a Type3 controller, which combines the capabilities of a compensator and a modulator.
Originality. A new approach to modeling the HEV energy subsystem is proposed, which takes into account the multi-domain nature of the system and requires its consideration, first, as an Automatic Control System at the macro level in the CAE program SmartCtrl, with a preliminary expansion of its library by synthesizing Transfer Functions in the ECAD program PSIM, and a subsequent return to the micro level for analyzing energy characteristics and parametric optimization of converters together with control systems at the level of electrical circuits in PSIM. Based on the analysis of the capabilities of the programs for modeling the components of the HEV aggregate system, a variant of the structural diagram of the model of the energy subsystem is proposed, taking into account the possibilities of adequate application of "single-domain" programs and the prospects for their use for multi-domain modeling of HEV are shown. A specific set of program metrics is determined for a reasonable choice of software when studying such systems.
Practical value. The presented method of sequential modeling of the energy system in the complex of automated engineering and automated design programs SmartCtrl+PSIM from Altair Group with mutual data exchange provides a comprehensive analysis and optimization of the characteristics of this subsystem of modern vehicles.
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