Investigation of electricity costs during energy flow optimization in a microgrid with distributed energy sources under conditions of unstable generation
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15588/1607-6761-2026-1-7Keywords:
voltage deviation, battery storage, electrical energy, losses, optimizationAbstract
Purpose. Development of an optimal control procedure for a microgrid with alternative energy sources, external power supply, and a diesel generator unit
Methodology. In the course of the study, methods of formulating linear optimization problems and corresponding linear programming techniques were used, as well as simulation modeling methods within a visual programming environment.
Findings. The study investigates the control processes of a hybrid microgrid that includes a solar power plant, a wind energy installation, a battery storage unit, a diesel generator, and an external power grid. Using a developed model in the MATLAB/Simulink environment, the energy flows and the operation of the microgrid subsystems were analyzed under four operating modes with varying electrical power flows. Linear programming methods were applied to optimize the energy balance, enabling the minimization of electricity costs while maintaining power balance and ensuring voltage stability within standard limits. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of combining renewable energy sources, battery storage, and diesel generation for optimal microgrid control by balancing the battery storage unit’s state of charge and confirm the feasibility of applying optimization algorithms for managing energy operating modes.
Originality. An objective function is proposed for solving the optimization problem of minimizing financial costs for electrical energy in a microgrid power system. The objective function accounts for the variable cost of electricity during power exchange with the external grid, constraints on the state of charge and discharge of the battery energy storage system, prioritization of renewable energy sources, as well as the economic feasibility of engaging a diesel generator unit depending on the current energy balance and economic conditions.
Practical value. The obtained results using the energy balance optimization algorithm can be applied to the design of energy management systems and optimal control of microgrids with combined low- and medium-power energy sources.
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Copyright (c) 2026 M.Y. Oliynichenko, O.V. Bialobrzheskyi, A.O. Postil
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