Research on ensuring annual energy consumption of a residential building with a photoelectric plant
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15588/1607-6761-2026-1-8Keywords:
energy efficiency, photovoltaic system, electricity consumption, climate neutrality, building climate systems, heat pumpAbstract
Purpose. To assess the capability of rooftop photovoltaic power plant (PVPP) to supply the operation of engineering systems in multi-apartment residential buildings and to determine a set of engineering and technical measures that ensure the effective integration of rooftop photovoltaic power plants in order to achieve regulatory energy-efficiency indicators and minimize climate impact.
Methodology. Calculation and analytical methods were applied to determine the energy consumption of residential buildings, along with a methodology for calculating electrical loads of multi-apartment buildings to evaluate changes in electricity demand under different configurations of building climate systems. Scenario analysis and energy modeling were used to assess the interaction between heating technologies, operating conditions, and renewable energy generation.
Findings. Rooftop photovoltaic systems equipped with modern photovoltaic modules and inverter equipment and installed on typical five-storey multi-apartment residential buildings are capable of covering the annual electricity demand of building climate systems, which corresponds to the requirements for achieving operational climate neutrality. Comprehensive modeling was carried out to analyze the interaction between building climate system configurations, energy sources, heating system temperature regimes, and actual outdoor temperature conditions on the achievable level of energy efficiency in typical residential buildings. The modeling of rooftop photovoltaic system operation and the comparison of expected electricity generation with the electricity demand of thermally modernized buildings equipped with heat-pump-based climate systems demonstrated the feasibility of balancing annual energy consumption with on-site renewable generation. It was found that comprehensive thermal modernization of typical five-storey buildings combined with the transition to electric heating using heat pumps as the primary heat source enables the electricity demand of building climate systems to be supplied by rooftop photovoltaic systems.
Originality. The study substantiates a set of energy-efficient measures, including the integration of rooftop photovoltaic systems, that allow achieving operational climate neutrality indicators for typical five-storey multi-apartment residential buildings. It is shown that the transition to heat-pump-based electric heating can reduce electricity consumption by 1,8-2,0 times under actual average outdoor temperature conditions compared with conventional electric heating systems. Furthermore, the implementation of low-temperature heating regimes reduces electricity consumption by 2,8-3,2 times compared with direct electric heating and enables achieving operational climate neutrality for building climate systems.
Practical value. The results can be applied in the development of renovation projects for existing multi-apartment residential buildings, in new residential construction, and in the design of electric heating systems that utilize electricity generated by rooftop photovoltaic systems. The proposed solutions contribute to the objectives of the Energy Strategy of Ukraine until 2035, strengthen national energy security, and support the implementation of international commitments on reducing primary energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.
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